Xyleninae

Xyleninae
Dreieck-Grasmotteneulchen (Pseudeustrotia candidula)
Systematik
Überordnung: Neuflügler (Neoptera) Ordnung: Schmetterlinge (Lepidoptera) Unterordnung: Glossata Überfamilie: Noctuoidea Familie: Eulenfalter (Noctuidae) Unterfamilie: Xyleninae
Wissenschaftlicher Name
Xyleninae
Guenée, 1852

Die Xyleninae sind eine arten- und gattungsreiche Unterfamilie der Eulenfalter (Noctuidae). Die Arten sind überwiegend nachtaktiv (Nachtfalter) und weltweit verbreitet.

Merkmale

Die Arten lassen sich derzeit nicht durch ein ausschließlich ihnen gemeinsames abgeleitetes Merkmal als monophyletisches Taxon darstellen. Jedoch deutet eine besondere Kombination von Merkmalen in den Geschlechtsteilen von Männchen und Weibchen auf eine Monophylie hin.

Vorkommen und Verbreitung

Die Unterfamilie ist weltweit verbreitet. Die Arten kommen von den Tropen bis in die gemäßigten Breiten vor. Die Mehrzahl der Arten besitzen Raupen, die vom Laub der Bäume leben. Wenige Arten leben auch auf krautigen Pflanzen oder bohren in Wurzeln von krautigen Pflanzen.

Systematik

Die Monophylie der Unterfamilie Xyleninae ist noch nicht zweifelsfrei geklärt. Sie könnte auch paraphyletisch sein. Sie wird in acht Tribus unterteilt; der Umfang der Tribus ist z.T. noch nicht vollständig geklärt:

Klassifikation der Xyleninae nach Fibiger & Hacker (2007)

Xyleninae Guenée, 1852 Tribus Xylenini Guenée, 1852 Subtribus Xylenina Guenée, 1852 Genus Agrochola Hübner, 1821 Rötliche Herbsteule (Agrochola helvola) Gelbbraune Herbsteule (Agrochola macilenta) Genus Anathrix Franclemont, 1937 Genus Antivaleria Sugi, 1958 Genus Apterogenum Berio, 2002 Genus Atypha Hübner, 1821 Genus Brachylomia Hampson, 1906 Genus Bryotype Hampson, 1906 Genus Bryotypella Hreblay & Ronkay, 1998 Genus Chaetaglaea Franclemont, 1943 Genus Cirrhia Hübner, 1821 Genus Conistra Hübner, 1821 Rotkopf-Wintereule (Conistra erythrocephala) Gebüsch-Wintereule (Conistra ligula) Feldholz-Wintereule (Conistra rubiginosa) Heidelbeer-Wintereule (Conistra vaccinii) Genus Daseuplexia Hampson, 1906 Genus Daseutype Hreblay, Peregovits & Ronkay, 1999 Genus Elwesia Hampson, 1894 Genus Epidemas Smith, 1894 Genus Epiglaea Grote, 1878 Genus Estagrotis Nye, 1975 Genus Eucirroedia Grote, 1875 Genus Eupsilia Hübner, 1821 Satellit-Wintereule (Eupsilia transversa) Genus Fabiania Hreblay & Ronkay, 2000 Genus Hemiglaea Sugi, 1980 Genus Hillia Grote, 1883 Genus Himalistra Hacker, 1993 Genus Homoglaea Morrison, 1876 Genus Hyalobole Warren, 1911 Genus Isolasia Warren, 1912 Genus Jodia Hübner, 1821 Genus Lithomoia Hübner, 1821 Genus Lithophane Hübner, 1821 Braungraue Holzeule (Lithophane (Lithophane) furcifera) Genus Lomilysis Franclemont, 1937 Genus Maraschia Osthelder, 1933 Genus Meganyctycia Hreblay & Ronkay, 1998 Genus Mesorhynchaglaea Sugi, 1980 Genus Metaxaglaea Franclemont, 1937 Genus Nyctycia Hampson, 1906 Genus Omphaloscelis Hampson, 1906 Genus Orbona Hübner, 1821 Große Wintereule (Orbona fragariae) Genus Palaeagrotis Hampson, 1907 Genus Parabole Hreblay & Ronkay, 1998 Genus Paranyctycia Hreblay & Ronkay, 1998 Genus Parastichtis Hübner, (1821) Genus Plantea Hacker & Ronkay, 1996 Genus Potnyctycia Hreblay & Ronkay, 1998 Genus Psectraglaea Hampson, 1906 Genus Pygopteryx Staudinger, 1887 Genus Pyreferra Franclemont, 1937 Genus Rhynchaglaea Hampson, 1906 Genus Sericaglaea Franelemont, 1941 Genus Spudaea Snellen, 1867 Genus Sugitania Matsumura, 1926 Genus Sunira Franclemont, 1950 Genus Taivaleria Hreblay & Ronkay, 2000 Genus Telorta Warren, 1910 Genus Teratoglaea Sugi, 1958 Genus Tiliacea Tutt, 1896 Rotbuchen-Gelbeule (Tiliacea aurago) Genus Xylena Ochsenheimer, 1816 Graue Moderholzeule (Xylena exsoleta) Braune Moderholzeule (Xylena vetusta) Genus Xanthia Ochsenheimer, 1816 Bleich-Gelbeule (Xanthia icteritia) Gold-Gelbeule (Xanthia aurago) Streifen-Gelbeule (Xanthia citrago) Weiden-Gelbeule (Xanthia togata) Genus Xystopeplus Franclemont, 1937* Subtribus Pseudohadenina Ronkay & Fibiger, 2007 Genus Pseudohadena (Alphéraki, 1887) Subgenus Pseudopseustis Hampson, 1910 Subgenus Jaxartia Püngeler, 1914 Genus Rhiza Staudinger, 1889 Subgenus Gryphadena Kusnezov, 1908 Subgenus Gryphanta Ronkay, Varga & Fábián, 1995 Genus Eremohadena Ronkay, Varga & Fábián, 1995 Subgenus Iberihadena Fibiger & Ronkay, 2007 Subgenus Megahadena Ronkay, Varga & Gyulai, 1995 Genus Orohadena Ronkay, Varga & Gyulai, 1995 Genus Bryohadena Ronkay, Varga & Gyulai, 1995 Genus Scotocampa Staudinger, 1888 Genus Lanatopyga Gyulai & Ronkay, 2002 Subtribus Antitypina Forbes & Franclemont, 1954 Genus Ammoconia Lederer, 1857 Graubraune Frühherbsteule (Ammoconia caecimacula) Genus Ammopolia Boursin, 1955 Genus Andropolia Grote, 1895 Genus Antitype Hübner, 1821 Chi-Eule (Antitype chi) Genus Aporophyla Guenée, 1841 Schwarze Glattrückeneule (Aporophyla nigra) Genus Blepharita Hampson, 1907 Genus Dasypolia Guenée, 1852 Bärenklau-Rauhaareule (Dasypolia templi) Genus Dichonia Hübner, 1816) Genus Dryobota Lederer, 1857 Genus Dryobotodes Warren, 1910 Genus Dryotype Hampson, 1906 Genus Evisa Reisser, 1930 Genus Fishia Grote, 1877 Genus Mesogona Boisduval, 1840 Genus Mniotype Franclemont, 1941 Genus Pachypolia Grote, 1874 Genus Platypolia Grote, 1895 Genus Polymixis Hübner, 1821 Gelbliche Steineule (Polymixis flavicincta) Blaugraue Steineule (Polymixis xanthomista) Genus Rhizagrotis Snüth, 1890 Genus Rileyiana Moucha & Chvala, 1963 Genus Scotochrosta Lederer, 1857 Genus Sutyna Todd, 1958 (Nearctic) Genus Trigonophora Hübner, 1821 Genus Xylotype Hampson, 1906 Tribus Dypterygiini Forbes, 1954 Genus Andobana Viette, 1965 Genus Anthracia Hübner, 1823 Genus Berioana Fletscher & Viette, 1962 Genus Dypterygina Sugi, 1954 Genus Dypterygia Stephens, 1829 Dunkle Knötericheule (Dypterygia scabriuscula) Genus Feliniopsis Roepke, 1938 Genus Heraema Staudinger, 1893 Genus Heterophysa Boursin, 1953 Genus Leucotrachea Janse, 1937 Genus Leumicamia Viette, 1965 Genus Madegalatha Viette, 1965 Genus Mimleucania Hampson, 1908 Genus Mormo Ochsenheimer, 1816 Schwarzes Ordensband (Mormo maura) Genus Olivenebula Kishida & Yoshimoto, 1977 Genus Opsyra Hampson, 1908 Genus Orthogonia Felder & Felder, 1862 Genus Phoebophilus Staudinger, 1888 Genus Plexiphleps Warren, 1913 Genus Polyphaenis Boisduval, 1840 Bunte Ligustereule (Polyphaenis sericata) Genus Prototrachea Viette, 1961 Genus Taenerema Draudt, 1950 Genus Taeneremina Ronkay & Ronkay, 2001 Genus Thalpophila Hübner, 1820 Gelbflügel-Raseneule (Thalpophila matura) Genus Trachea Ochsenheimer, 1816 Meldeneule (Trachea atriplicis) Genus Triphaenopsis Butler, 1878 Tribus Actinotiini Beck, 1996 Genus Actinotia Hübner, 1821 Trockenrasen-Johanniskrauteule (Actinotia radiosa) Genus Alastria Lafontaine & Troubridge, 2004 Genus Chloantha Boisduval, Rambur & Graslin, 1836 Genus Hyppa Duponchel, 1844 Heidelbeer-Stricheule (Hyppa rectilinea) Genus Iodopepla Franclemont, 1964 Genus Nedra Clarke, 1940 Tribus Phlogophorini Hampson, 1918 Genus Auchmis Hübner, 1821 Berberitzeneule (Auchmis detersa) Genus Blepharomorpha Hreblay & Ronkay, 1995 Genus Chandata Moore, 1882 Genus Conservula Grote, 1874 Genus Euplexia Stephens, 1829 Gelbfleck-Waldschatteneule (Euplexia lucipara) Genus Karana Moore, 1882 Genus Magusa Walker, 1857 Genus Metappana Viette, 1965 Genus Oroplexia Hampson, 1908 Genus Paranataelia Draudt, 1935 Genus Pareuplexia Warren, 1911 Genus Phlogophora Treitschke, 1825 Achateule (Phlogophora meticulosa) Smaragdeule (Phlogophora scita) Genus Pseudenargia Boursin, 1956 Genus Syrrusis Hampson, 1908 Genus Syrrusoides Laporte, 1972 Genus Tracheplexia Janse, 1937 Genus Transeuplexia Hreblay & Plante, 1995 Genus Valerioides Warren, 1913 Tribus Pseudeustrotiini Beck, 1996 Genus Pseudeustrotia Warren, 1913 Dreieck-Grasmotteneulchen (Pseudeustrotia candidula) Tribus Prodeniini Forbes, 1954 Genus Spodoptera Guenée, 1852 (syn. Prodenia Guenée, 1852) Tribus Caradrinini Boisduval-1840 Subtribus Caradrinina Boisduval-1840 Genus Hoplodrina Boursin, 1937 Genus Chilodes Herrich-Schäffer, 1849 Genus Scythocentropus Speiser, 1902 Genus Stenodrina Boursin, 1937 Genus Stygodrina Boursin, 1937 Genus Caradrina Ochsenheimer Subgenus Platyperigea Smith, 1894 Subgenus Boursinidrina Hacker, 2004 Subgenus Kalchbergiana Hacker, 2004 Subgenus Levantrina Hacker, 2004 Subgenus Weigertrina Hacker, 2004 Subgenus Eremodrina Boursin, 1937 Subgenus Paradrina Boursin, 1937 Heu-Staubeule (Paradrina clavipalpis) Paradrina rebeli (Staudinger, 1901) Genus Charanyca Billberg, 1820 Dreilinieneule (Charanyca trigrammica) Subgenus Pseudoxestia Boursin, 1937 Subgenus Rusina Stephens, 1829 Subtribus Athetina Fibiger & Lafontaine, 2005 Genus Athetis Hübner, 1821 Subgenus Hydrillula Tams, 1938 Subgenus Proxenus Herrich-Schäffer, 1850 Subtribus Cosmiina Guenée, 1852 Genus Enargia Hübner, 1821 Genus Ipimorpha Hübner, 1821 Genus Cosmia Ochsenheimer, 1816 Rotbraune Ulmeneule (Cosmia affinis) Weißflecken-Ulmeneule (Cosmia diffinis) Violettbraune Ulmeneule (Cosmia pyralina) Trapezeule (Cosmia trapezina) Subgenus Ulmia Fibiger & Hacker, 2007 Subgenus Calymnia Hübner, 1821 Subgenus Silva Fibiger & Hacker, 2007 (präokkupiert durch Silva Verreaux, 1872) Subgenus Nemus Fibiger & Hacker, 2007 Genus Brachyxanthia Butler, 1878 Genus Dicycla Guenée, 1852 Genus Athetmia Hübner, 1821 Tribus Elaphrini Beck, 1996 Genus Galgula Guenée, 1852 Genus Elaphria Hübner, 1818 Genus Bryolymnia Hampson, 1908 Genus Gonodes Druce, 1908 Tribus Apameini Boisduval, 1828 Subtribus Oxytripiina Gozmány, 1970 Genus Oxytripia Staudinger, 1871 Oxytripia orbiculosa Subtribus Apameina Boisduval, 1828 Genus Abromias Billber, 1820 Genus Amphipoea Billberg, 1820 Genus Apamea Ochsenheimer, 1816 Apamea maillardi (Geyer, 1834) Große Grasbüscheleule (Apamea monoglypha) Schwarzweiße Grasbüscheleule (Apamea rubrirena) Apamea zeta (Treitschke, 1825) Genus Archanara Walker, 1866 Genus Arenostola Hampson, 1910 Genus Argyrospila Herrich-Schäffer, 1851 Genus Calamia Hübner, 1831 Grüneule (Calamia tridens) Genus Celaena Stephens, 1829 Haworths Mooreule (Celaena haworthii) Genus Cervyna Ronkay, Zilli & Fibiger, 2005 Genus Coenobia Stephens, 1850 Genus Crypsedra Warren, 1910 Bunte Waldgraseule (Crypsedra gemmea) Genus Denticucullus Rakosy, 1996 Genus Eremobia Stephens, 1829 Ockerfarbene Quendeleule (Eremobia ochroleuca) Genus Fabula Fibiger, Zilli & Ronkay, 2005 Genus Globia Fibiger, Zilli, Ronkay & Goldstein, 2009 (nom. nov. pro Capsula Fibiger, Zilli, Ronkay & Goldstein, 2005) Genus Gortyna Ochsenheimer, 1816 Genus Hampsonicola Ronkay, Zilli & Fibiger, 2009 (nom. nov. pro Hedina Ronkay, Zilli & Fibiger, 2005) Genus Helotropha Lederer, 1857 Genus Hydraecia Guenée, 1841 Markeule (Hydraecia micacea) Genus Hypocoena Hampson, 1908 Genus Lateroligia Zilli, Ronkay & Fibiger, 2005 Genus Lenisa Fibiger, Zilli & Ronkay, 2005 Genus Litoligia Beck, 1999 Genus Longalatedes Beck, 1999 Genus Luperina Boisduval, 1829 Genus Mesapamea Heinicke, 1959 Genus Mesoligia Boursin, 1965 Genus Nonagria Ochsenheimer, 1816 Genus Oligia Hübner, 1821 Striegel-Halmeulchen (Oligia strigilis) Genus Oria Hübner, 1821 Genus Pabulatrix Sugi, 1982 Genus Photedes Lederer, 1857 Genus Phragmatiphila Hampson, 1908 Wasserschwaden-Röhrichteule (Phragmatiphila nexa) Genus Protarchanara Beck, 1999 Genus Pseudluperina Beck, 1999 Genus Resapamea Varga & Ronkay, 1992 Genus Rhizedra Warren, 1911 Genus Sedina Urbahn, 1933 Büttners Schrägflügeleule (Sedina buettneri) Genus Sidemia Staudinger, 1892 Genus Staurophora Reichenbach, 1817 Malachiteule (Staurophora celsia) Genus Unchelea Fibiger, Zilli & Ronkay, 2009 (nom. nov. Bifurcula Fibiger, Zilli & Ronkay, 2005) Genus Xylomoia Staudinger, 1892 Subtribus SesamiinaFibiger & Goldstein, 2005 Genus Sesamia Guenée, 1852

Literatur

• Michael Fibiger und Hermann Hacker: Noctuidae Europaeae Volume 9 Amphipyrinae, Condicinae, Eriopinae, Xyleninae (part). 410 S., Entomological Press, Sorø 2007, ISBN 87-89430-11-5
• Robert W. Poole: The moths of America north of Mexico including Greenland. Fascicle 26.1 Noctuoidea, Noctuidae (part): Cuculliinae, Stiriinae, Psaphidinae (part). 249 S., Wedge Entomological Research Foundation, Washington 1995, ISBN 0-933003-06-4