Caspase

Caspase
Caspasen

Enzymklassifikation
EC, Kategorie 3.4.22.-  Cysteinprotease
MEROPS C14
Substrat Cys-Asp-Bindungen

Caspasen sind eine Gruppe von Proteasen mit einem Cystein im aktiven Zentrum (Cysteinproteasen). Sie spalten Peptidbindungen C-Terminal von Aspartat. Daher der Name: Caspase (Englisch cysteinyl-aspartate specific protease).

Caspasen sind die wichtigsten Enzyme der Apoptose, dem programmierten Zelltod. Sie sind damit essentiell für die korrekte Entwicklung eines Lebewesens, aber auch für die Antwort einer Zelle auf schwere Beschädigung (z. B. durch Strahlung) oder Infektion durch Viren. Zum Auslösen des Zelltods werden Initiator-Caspasen (z. B. Caspase-8 und 9) aktiviert. Diese wiederum spalten die pro-(Vorläufer-) Form nachgeschalteter Effektor-Caspasen (unter anderem Caspase 3, 7, 6), die zelleigene Proteine wie unter anderem Aktin und Lamin spalten. Eine weitere wichtige Funktion der Effektor-Caspasen ist die Aktivierung einer Nuklease, die im Rahmen der Apoptose die nukleäre DNA spaltet.

Beim Menschen existieren 13 verschiedene Caspasen, die in drei Gruppen eingeteilt werden: Proinflammatorische Caspasen, Initiator-Caspasen und Effektor-Caspasen.

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